The Prevalence of Staphylococci in Sausages at Khartoum State
Authore(s) : Nagwa B.Elhag || Corresponding author: Assistant Professor. Department of Food Hygiene and SafetyCollege of Public &Environmental HealthUniversity of BahriKhartoum NorthSudan
Volume : (3), Issue : 211, February - 2017
Abstract : Foods free of Staphylococcal food poisoning organisms have a great concern by consumers nowadays. The aim of this study is to characterize the population of Staphylococci in sausages obtained from different sources in Khartoum State. A total of 40 fresh sausage samples were collected randomly from (a) butcheries in Khartoum, Khartoum North, and Omdurman, (b) factory processed sausages at retail outlets and (c) homemade sausages obtained from households in Khartoum. Enumeration and characterization of different species of Staphylococci were carried out. The identification of the isolates was mainly based on morphological properties and biochemical tests. Staphylococcal mean counts in all samples ranged from 1.48x105cfu/g to 7.66x106cfu/g. The coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus was identified in all sausage samples that were investigated, making 51.06% of the total isolates, while the coagulase negative isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (31.91%), Staphylococcus capitis (12.77%), Staphylococcus simulans (2.13%), and Staphylococcus hominis (2.13%). These results indicate that sausage samples are highly contaminated with Staphylococcus species particularly Staphylococcus aureus. The high incidence of this bacterium in butcheries, processed and home-made sausages is a potential health hazard which indicate improper processing procedure, handling and bad personal habits. Utilization of high quality meat for sausage production and careful handling during processing is necessary to produce sausage free of pathogens.
Keywords :Sausages, Coagulase positive staphylococci, Coagulase negative staphylococci, Characterization.
Article: Download PDF Journal DOI : 2364/2018
Cite This Article:
in Sausages at Khartoum State
Vol.I (3), Issue.I 211
Article No : 10029
Number of Downloads : 100
References :
Abbar, F. M. & Mohammed, M. T. (1989). Beef casing and finished beef sausages as a source of Salmonella in Iraq. Journal of Food Protection. 52:254-255. |
Acco, M.; Ferreira, F. S., Henriques, J. A. P., & Tondo, E. C. (2003). Identification of multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing nasal mucosa of food handlers. Food Microbiology. 20: 489-493. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002003000492
... More
- Abbar, F. M. & Mohammed, M. T. (1989). Beef casing and finished beef sausages as a source of Salmonella in Iraq. Journal of Food Protection. 52:254-255. |
- Acco, M.; Ferreira, F. S., Henriques, J. A. P., & Tondo, E. C. (2003). Identification of multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing nasal mucosa of food handlers. Food Microbiology. 20: 489-493. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002003000492
- Ali, Kh. A. (2004). The Effect of Chilling and Storage on Bacterial Contamination and Quality of Red Meat and its Manufactured Products. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
- Angela, H.; Cheryl, B. O. & Charles, H. (2005). Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Outbreak in Southeast Kensas. Kensas Department. Health Environment (KD,HE). Foodborne illness outbreak report. http://www.kdheks.gov/epi/download/foodborne_illness_outbreak_report dec_2005.pdf
- Anonou, S., Maqueda, M., Martinez Bueno, M., Galvez, A., & Valdivia, E.(2007). Bactericidal synergism through enterocin AS-48 and chemical preservatives against S aureus . Letters in Appl. Microbiol. 48 (1): 19- 23. http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf%3Fmd06023.
- Barrow, G. I. S.J., & Feltham, R.K.A. (1993). Manual for Identification of Medical Bacteria, third edition. Cambridge University Press, England.
- Byrant, R. G., Javis, J., & Gilbert, G. (1988). Selective enterotoxin production by a Staphylococcus aureus strain indicated in food-borne outbreak. J. Food Prot. 51: 130-131.
- Cocolin, L., Rantsiou, K., Iacumin, L., Urso, R., Cantoni, C & Comi, G. (2004). Study of the Ecology of Fresh Sausages and Characterization of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Molecular Methods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Vol. 70 (4): 1883-1894. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.1883-1894.2004.
- Cordoba, M. G., Cordoba, J. J., & Jordano. R. (1998). Evaluation of microbial hazards during processing of Spanish prepared Flamerquin. J. Food. Prot. 61(6): 693-699.
- D'mello D, Daley, A.J, Rahman, M.S., Qu, Y., Garland S.; Pearce, Ch & Deighton, MA. (2008). "Vancomycin heteroresistance in bloodstream isolates of Staphylococcus capitis". J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (9): 3124–3126. doi:10.1128/JCM.00592-08. PMC 2546727. PMID 18596138.
- Harrigan, W. E. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food and Dairy Microbiology. Academic press. USA.
- Jamilah, M.B., Abbas, K.A., & Abdoul, R. R. (2008). A Review on some Organic Acids Additives as Shelf Life Extend- ers of Fresh Beef Cuts. American. J. Agric. Biol. Sci.3: 566-574.
- Jay, J.(1996). Fresh meats and poultry. In: Modern Food Microbiology. 5th edition. International Thomas Publishing, Kentucky. 63-91.
- Kloos W E, Schleifer K H (1975). Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. Descriptions of four new sp. Staphylococcus warneri Staph ylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus simulans International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 2562-79. doi: 10.1099/00207713-25-1-62 IJSEM.
- Lateef, A. (2004). The microbiology of pharmaceutical effluent and its public health implications. World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20: 167-171. doi | 10.1023/B:WIBI.0000021752.29468.4e.
- Letetre, C., Perelle, S., Dilasser, F., & Fach, P. (2003). Identification of new putative enerotoxin SEU encoded by the egc cluster of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95: 38-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12807452.
- Mallet, M., Loiez, C., Melliez, H., Yazdanpanah, Y., Senneville, E., & Lemaire, X., (2011). Staphylococcus simulans as an authentic pathogenic agent of osteoarticular infections.39(5):473-6. doi: 10.1007/s15010-011-0173-x.
- Nel, S., Lues, J., F., R., Buys, E. M. & Venter, P.(1993). The personal and general hygiene practices in the deboning room of a high throughput red meat abattoir. Food Control 15: 571-578. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713503001610
- Newton, K. G., & Gill, C. O. (1981). The microbiology of dark firm and dry fresh Meats: A Rev. J. Meat Sci. 95: 223-232. doi: 10.1016/0309-1740(81) 90005-X PMID: 22056031.
- Normanno, G. Salandra, L. G., Dambrosio, A., Quaglia, N.C., Corrente, M., Parisi, A., Santagada, G., Firinu, A., Crisetti, E., & Celano, G.V. (2007). Occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 115: 290-296. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17321621
- Oluwafemi, F., & Simisaye, M.T. (2006). Extent of microbial contamination of sausages sold in two Nigerian cites. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 9 (2): 133-136.
- Otto, M. (2009). Staphylococcus epidermidis the "accidental" pathogen. Nature Review Microbiology. 7: 555-567. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2182.
- Particia, V. S., Aicalizzi, B., & Ana, M. S. (2006). Prevalence of Some Bacteria, Yeasts and Molds in Meat Food in San Luis, Argentina. Cent Eur. J. Publ. Health. 4(3): 141-144. http://apps.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2006-3-10-full.pdf.
- Rabaa A. Mohammed, Mashair A. Sulieman & Elgasim A. E. (2013). Effect of Bee Honey in Safety and Storability of Beef Sausage. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 12 (6): 560-566. doi:10.3923/pjn.2013.560.566.
- Rantsiou, K., Iacumin, L., Urso, R., Cantoni, C., Comi, G. & Cocolin, L. (2005). Ecology and characterization by molecular methods of Staphylococcus species isolated from fresh sausages. Int J Food Microbiol. 97(3):277-84. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160504002661.
- Samappito, W., Leenanon, B., & Robert, E. L. (2011). Microbiological characteristics of “Mhom”, a Thi traditional meat sausage. The Open Food Science Journal. 5: 31-36. http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOFSJ/ TOFSJ-5-31.
- Sneath, P. H. A., Mair, N. S., Sharp, M. E., & Holt, J. G. (eds) (1986). Berg’s Mannual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2, (Baltimre: Williams and Wilkins).
- SSMO (2001). Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization. Sudanese Microbiological Standards for Foods. Khartoum, Sudan.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2001). Food borne pathogenic microorganisms and Natural Toxins. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov.
- Vora, P., Senecal, A. & Schaffner, D.W. (2003). Survival of S. aureus ATCC 13565 in intermediate moisture foods is highly variable. Risk Anal. 23(1): 229- 236. DOI: 10.1111/1539-6924.00302
... Less
- Abbar, F. M. & Mohammed, M. T. (1989). Beef casing and finished beef sausages as a source of Salmonella in Iraq. Journal of Food Protection. 52:254-255. |
- Acco, M.; Ferreira, F. S., Henriques, J. A. P., & Tondo, E. C. (2003). Identification of multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus colonizing nasal mucosa of food handlers. Food Microbiology. 20: 489-493. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002003000492
- Ali, Kh. A. (2004). The Effect of Chilling and Storage on Bacterial Contamination and Quality of Red Meat and its Manufactured Products. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
- Angela, H.; Cheryl, B. O. & Charles, H. (2005). Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Outbreak in Southeast Kensas. Kensas Department. Health Environment (KD,HE). Foodborne illness outbreak report. http://www.kdheks.gov/epi/download/foodborne_illness_outbreak_report dec_2005.pdf
- Anonou, S., Maqueda, M., Martinez Bueno, M., Galvez, A., & Valdivia, E.(2007). Bactericidal synergism through enterocin AS-48 and chemical preservatives against S aureus . Letters in Appl. Microbiol. 48 (1): 19- 23. http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf%3Fmd06023.
- Barrow, G. I. S.J., & Feltham, R.K.A. (1993). Manual for Identification of Medical Bacteria, third edition. Cambridge University Press, England.
- Byrant, R. G., Javis, J., & Gilbert, G. (1988). Selective enterotoxin production by a Staphylococcus aureus strain indicated in food-borne outbreak. J. Food Prot. 51: 130-131.
- Cocolin, L., Rantsiou, K., Iacumin, L., Urso, R., Cantoni, C & Comi, G. (2004). Study of the Ecology of Fresh Sausages and Characterization of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Molecular Methods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Vol. 70 (4): 1883-1894. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.1883-1894.2004.
- Cordoba, M. G., Cordoba, J. J., & Jordano. R. (1998). Evaluation of microbial hazards during processing of Spanish prepared Flamerquin. J. Food. Prot. 61(6): 693-699.
- D'mello D, Daley, A.J, Rahman, M.S., Qu, Y., Garland S.; Pearce, Ch & Deighton, MA. (2008). "Vancomycin heteroresistance in bloodstream isolates of Staphylococcus capitis". J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (9): 3124–3126. doi:10.1128/JCM.00592-08. PMC 2546727. PMID 18596138.
- Harrigan, W. E. (1998). Laboratory Methods in Food and Dairy Microbiology. Academic press. USA.
- Jamilah, M.B., Abbas, K.A., & Abdoul, R. R. (2008). A Review on some Organic Acids Additives as Shelf Life Extend- ers of Fresh Beef Cuts. American. J. Agric. Biol. Sci.3: 566-574.
- Jay, J.(1996). Fresh meats and poultry. In: Modern Food Microbiology. 5th edition. International Thomas Publishing, Kentucky. 63-91.
- Kloos W E, Schleifer K H (1975). Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. Descriptions of four new sp. Staphylococcus warneri Staph ylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus simulans International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 2562-79. doi: 10.1099/00207713-25-1-62 IJSEM.
- Lateef, A. (2004). The microbiology of pharmaceutical effluent and its public health implications. World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20: 167-171. doi | 10.1023/B:WIBI.0000021752.29468.4e.
- Letetre, C., Perelle, S., Dilasser, F., & Fach, P. (2003). Identification of new putative enerotoxin SEU encoded by the egc cluster of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95: 38-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12807452.
- Mallet, M., Loiez, C., Melliez, H., Yazdanpanah, Y., Senneville, E., & Lemaire, X., (2011). Staphylococcus simulans as an authentic pathogenic agent of osteoarticular infections.39(5):473-6. doi: 10.1007/s15010-011-0173-x.
- Nel, S., Lues, J., F., R., Buys, E. M. & Venter, P.(1993). The personal and general hygiene practices in the deboning room of a high throughput red meat abattoir. Food Control 15: 571-578. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713503001610
- Newton, K. G., & Gill, C. O. (1981). The microbiology of dark firm and dry fresh Meats: A Rev. J. Meat Sci. 95: 223-232. doi: 10.1016/0309-1740(81) 90005-X PMID: 22056031.
- Normanno, G. Salandra, L. G., Dambrosio, A., Quaglia, N.C., Corrente, M., Parisi, A., Santagada, G., Firinu, A., Crisetti, E., & Celano, G.V. (2007). Occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 115: 290-296. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17321621
- Oluwafemi, F., & Simisaye, M.T. (2006). Extent of microbial contamination of sausages sold in two Nigerian cites. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 9 (2): 133-136.
- Otto, M. (2009). Staphylococcus epidermidis the "accidental" pathogen. Nature Review Microbiology. 7: 555-567. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2182.
- Particia, V. S., Aicalizzi, B., & Ana, M. S. (2006). Prevalence of Some Bacteria, Yeasts and Molds in Meat Food in San Luis, Argentina. Cent Eur. J. Publ. Health. 4(3): 141-144. http://apps.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2006-3-10-full.pdf.
- Rabaa A. Mohammed, Mashair A. Sulieman & Elgasim A. E. (2013). Effect of Bee Honey in Safety and Storability of Beef Sausage. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 12 (6): 560-566. doi:10.3923/pjn.2013.560.566.
- Rantsiou, K., Iacumin, L., Urso, R., Cantoni, C., Comi, G. & Cocolin, L. (2005). Ecology and characterization by molecular methods of Staphylococcus species isolated from fresh sausages. Int J Food Microbiol. 97(3):277-84. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160504002661.
- Samappito, W., Leenanon, B., & Robert, E. L. (2011). Microbiological characteristics of “Mhom”, a Thi traditional meat sausage. The Open Food Science Journal. 5: 31-36. http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOFSJ/ TOFSJ-5-31.
- Sneath, P. H. A., Mair, N. S., Sharp, M. E., & Holt, J. G. (eds) (1986). Berg’s Mannual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2, (Baltimre: Williams and Wilkins).
- SSMO (2001). Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization. Sudanese Microbiological Standards for Foods. Khartoum, Sudan.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2001). Food borne pathogenic microorganisms and Natural Toxins. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov.
- Vora, P., Senecal, A. & Schaffner, D.W. (2003). Survival of S. aureus ATCC 13565 in intermediate moisture foods is highly variable. Risk Anal. 23(1): 229- 236. DOI: 10.1111/1539-6924.00302