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Economic, social, and environmental sustainability in development theory and urban planning practice
Authore(s) : A. D. BASIAGO || Andrew Basiago an American lawyerholds two advanced degrees in environmental planning.
Volume : (13), Issue : 205, January - 2019
Abstract :
In ten years, more than half the world’s population will be living in cities. The United Nations ŽUN. has stated that this will threaten cities with social conflict, environmental degradation and the collapse of basic services. The economic, social, and environmental planning practices of societies embodying ‘urban sustainability’ have been proposed as antidotes to these negative urban trends. ‘Urban sustainability’ is a doctrine with diverse origins. The author believes that the alternative models of cultural development in Curitiba, Brazil, Kerala, India, and Nayarit, Mexico embody the integration and interlinkage of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Curitiba has become a more livable city by building an efficient intraurban bus system, expanding urban green space, and meeting the basic needs of the urban poor. Kerala has attained social harmony by emphasizing equitable resource distribution rather than consumption, by restraining reproduction, and by attacking divisions of race, caste, religion, and gender. Nayarit has sought to balance development with the environment by framing a nature-friendly development plan that protects natural systems from urban development and that involves the public in the development process. A detailed mexamination of these alternative cultural development models reveals a myriad of possible means by which economic, social, and environmental sustainability might be advanced in practice. The author concludes that while these examples from the developing world cannot be directly translated to cities in the developed world, they do indicate in a general sense the imaginative policies that any society must foster if it is to achieve ‘urban sustainability’.
Keywords :Economic, social, environmental sustainability , development , urban planning practice.
Article: Download PDF Journal DOI : 301/704
Cite This Article:
Environmental sustainability in development theory
Vol.I (13), Issue.I 205
Article No : 10051
Number of Downloads : 108
References :
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Baird, V. Ž1993.. Paradox in paradise: Kerala, India’s radical success. New Internationalist, 241, 4.
Basiago, A. D. Ž1994.. Sustainable development in tropical forest ecosystems. The ... More
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- Alexander, W. M. Ž1994.. Humans sharing the bounty of the Earth: hopeful lessons from Kerala. Proceedings of the International Congress on Kerala Studies, Kerala, India, Aug. 27]29, 1994.
- Baird, V. Ž1993.. Paradox in paradise: Kerala, India’s radical success. New Internationalist, 241, 4.
- Basiago, A. D. Ž1994.. Sustainable development in tropical forest ecosystems. The International Journal of Sustainable De¨ elopment and World Ecology, 1Ž1., 34]40.
- Basiago, A. D. Ž1995.. Methods of defining ‘sustainability’. Sustainable De¨ elopment, 3Ž3., 109]119.
- Basiago, A. D. Ž1996.. The search for the sustainable city in 20th century urban planning. The En¨ ironmentalist, 16,135]155.
- Boyle, A. Ž1995.. Human rights approaches to environmental protection: unnecessary, undesirable and unethical? Re- marks delivered at the Research Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge, Febr. 17.
- Calthorpe, P., Corbett, M., Duany, A., Moule, E., Plater- Zyberk, E., Polyzoides, S. Ž1991.. Ahwahnee Principles for Resource-Efficient Communities. Sacramento, CA: Local Government Commission, 1]2.
- Daly, H. E. Žed. Ž1973.. Towards a Steady State Economy. San Francisco: Freeman.
- Daly, H. E. Žed. Ž1974.. The economics of the steady state.American Economic Re¨ iew, May, 15]21.
- Daly, H. E. Ž1991.. Steady-State Economics. Washington, DC: Island Press, 180.
- Dixon, J. and Fallon, L. A. Ž1989.. The Concept of Sustainability: Origins, Extensions and Usefulness for Policy. Environment Division Working Paper No. 1. Washington, DC:
- Kahn, M. Ž1995.. Concepts, definitions, and key issues in sustainable development: the outlook for the future. Proceedings of the 1995 International Sustainable De¨ elopment Research Conference, Manchester, England, Mar. 27]28,1995, Keynote Paper, 2-13.
- Keating, M. Ž1993.. The Earth Summit’s agenda for change.Geneva: Centre for Our Common Future, viii, x, 12]13, 63]67.
- Kepp, M. Ž1992.. Curitiba’s creative solutions: learning from Lerner. Choices, 1: 22]26.
- Krier, J. E. and Gillette, C. P. Ž1985.. The uneasy case for technological optimism. Michigan Law Re¨ iew, 405.
- Los Angeles Times. Ž1996.. Big growth in cities projected for 2006 May 30.
- Lyle, J. T. Ž1994.. Regenerati¨ e design for sustainable de¨ elopment. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Margolis, M. Ž1992.. A third-world city that works. World Monitor, 5, 42]46.
- McDonough, W. Ž1992.. The Hannover Principles. New York: Self-Published, 1]2.
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- Murphy, R. C. Ž1992.. Responsible coastal management for the State of Nayarit, Mexico. Calypso Log, 4, 6 Chesa- peake, VA: The Cousteau Society, Inc.
- Pearce, D. W. and Redclift, M. Žeds. Ž1988.. Sustainable development. Futures, 20 ŽSpecial Issue..
- Pearce, D. W., Barbier, E. and Markandya, A. Ž1990a.. Sustainable De¨ elopment: Economics and En¨ ironment in the Third World. Aldershot: Elgar. World Bank.
- Pearce, D. W., Markyanda, A. and Barbier, A. Ž1990b..Eblen, R. and Eblen, R. Ž1994.. The Encyclopedia of the En¨ ironment. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 432]433.
- Editors of the Ecologist. Ž1972.. A Blueprint for Sur¨ i¨ al. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd., 15]29.
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- Franke, R. and Chasin, B. Ž1989.. Kerala: radical reform as de¨ elopment in an Indian State. San Francisco: Institute for Food and Development Policy.
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- Goodland, R. Ž1995.. Environmental sustainability: universal and rigorous. Sustainable De¨ elopment, Žunder review.. Goodstein, C. Ž1992.. From Curitiba to the world. E: The En¨ ironmental Magazine, 3, 10]11. Blueprint for a Green Economy. London: Earthscan.
- Ratcliffe, J. Ž1978.. Social justice and the demographic transition: lessons from India’s Kerala state. International Journal of Health Ser¨ ices, 8Ž1..
- Repetto, R. Ž1992.. Accounting for environmental assets. Scientific American, June, 94]100.
- Rifkin, J. Ž1994.. The End of Work. New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons.
- Ruttan, V. W. Ž1991.. Sustainable growth in agricultural production: poverty, policy and science. Unpublished paper prepared for International Food Policy Research Institute Seminar on Agricultural Sustainability, Growth, and Poverty Alleviation, Feldafing, Germany, Sept. 23]27.
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